来源

[1].Accurate focal depth determination of oceanic earthquakes using water-column reverberation and some implications for the shrinking plate hypothesis

[5].[Crust and uppermost mantle beneath the North China Craton, northeastern China, and the Sea of Japan from ambient noise tomography.]

[6].Seismological implications of a lithospheric low seismic velocity zone in Mars

来源 [1] [Accurate focal depth determination of oceanic earthquakes using water-column reverberation and some implications for the shrinking plate hypothesis]鸣震确定海洋地震的准确深度及板块收缩假说

单词

seismogenic layer 孕震层

inversion 反演

triplication 波的重叠（多震相）

thermal 热的

dynamic 动力学的

oceanic 海洋的

lithosphere 岩石层

lithospheric 岩石圈的

hypocentral 震源位置的

reverberations 多次波

estimate 估计

simultaneous 同时发生的

alternative 可选的

located 近震

tension 拉张

horizontal 水平的

stress 应力

strain 应变

hypothesis 假说

thrust faulting 逆断层

normal faulting 正断层

indicating 指示

deviatoric stress 偏应力

tensor 张量

compression 压缩

consistent 一致的

prediction 预言

investigated 调查

perpendicular 垂直的直立的

tectonophysics 构造物理

intraplate 板块内

settings 背景，环境

correspond 符合，一致

ridge 山脊

mid-ocean ridges 洋中脊

nucleate 有核的，产生

transform faults 转换断层

trench 海沟

infer 推断，推论，反演

P-wave first motion P波初动

coupling 耦合的

compressive 压缩

mechanisms 机制

interperted 被解释为……

depth-dependent 深度相关的

numerical modeling 数值模拟

competent

respectively

investigations 观测结果

establish 建立

measurable 可测量的

non-rigidity 非刚性的

plates 板块

accumulate 积累

displacement 位移

non-negligible 不可忽略的

manifested 显然的

centroid-moment tensors 中心矩张量

event 事件（地震学）；同相轴（地震勘探）

tradeoff 具有相关性的，互相制约的，一般用作 The tradeoff between A and B

identify 标识，识别，标定

depth phases 深度震相

arrival time 到时

sophisticated 复杂有效的

routine 常规的

constrain 约束

assuming 假设

source time function 震源时间函数

iterative 迭代的

fitting 拟合

determine 测定

teleseismic 远震

intermediate-size earthquakes 中等大小地震（5-6级）

increasingly challenging

isolate 分离

CAP (cut-and-paste) 剪切粘贴

optimum 相对来说的最优解

swell-generated

periodically 周期性地

shallow 浅的

systematically 系统性地

investigate 观察

grid-search based algorithm 基于网格搜索的算法

summed 叠加的

stack 叠加（地震勘探）

relocated 重定位

deformation 变形

asthenosphere 软流圈

take off angle 离源角

discretize 离散化

triplications 三倍的

ray paths 射线路径

transport equation 输运方程

ray tracing 射线追踪

ray parameters 射线参数

lefthand LHS 方程左项

LRS 方程右项

signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比（S/N或SNR）

sampling interval 采样间隔

receiver function 接收函数

shear wave spliting 横波分裂

signal window length 信号窗宽度

tomography-velocity structure 层析成像

attanuation 衰减

full wave inversion-velocity structure 全波形反演

joint inversion 联合反演

modified 改进的

continental 大陆的

taken from 来自于

field data 实际数据

increment 间隔

align 对齐

linearly stack 线性叠加

exact 相同

former 前者

investigated 调查研究

seismicity 地震活动性

termed 标识

regions 区域

strike-slip 走滑型

thrust 逆冲型

normal 正断层型

in contrast 与之相反的

listed 列举

temporary stations 流动台站

broadband stations 宽频地震仪（台站）

pre-processed 预处理

post-processed 后处理

Deep Probe Experiment 深探测实验

normalized to unity 归一化

ruptured 破裂的

perturbed 扰动

associated 关联的

converted 转换

transmission coefficient 透射系数

conventional（traditional）传统的

robust 稳定的

utilizes 利用

relocated 重定位

slight 轻微的

regime 状态

parallel 平行

decouple 解耦

joint 接合处

pattern 辐射花样图

orthogonal 直角的

句式

… ,indicating that … 指示，表明

例：The shallow and deep events are determined to be a thrust and normal earthquake, respectively, indicating that the stress field within the oceanic
lithosphere changes from horizontal deviatoric compression to horizontal deviatoric tension as depth increase, which is consistent with the prediction
of lithospheric cooling models.

…A, consistent with B… A与B一致（可以替换为： indicating that, suggesting that,suggest that）

例：Furthermore, we show that the P-axis of the newly investigated thrust-faulting earthquake is perpendicular to that of
the previously studied thrust event, consistent with the predictions of the shrinking-plate hypothesis.

along …, along …, along …. 在……中，在……中（出现）

例：Depth estimates of oceanic earthquakes have been useful in the investigation of many problems of tectonophysics:
depth extent of the seismogenic layer in intraplate settings and the corresponding limiting temperature above which
earthquakes do not nucleate, along mid-ocean ridges, along transform faults, and along the outer rise of trenches.

A, and found that B 基于事实A发现、认识B

例： Sykes and Sbar studied focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes occurring off the mid-ocean ridge axis using P-wave
first motion data, and found that most earthquakes occurring in oceanic lithosphere older than ~15Ma indicate thrust faulting
while those observed in the younger oceanic lithophere indicate normal faulting.

conclude that 得出结论
respectively 分别地
例：The upper and the lower competent lithosphere are in horizontal deviatoric compression and tension, respectively.

We set the P-wave velocity to be 8.04, 6.30 and 1.50 km/s for the mantle, crust, and seawater, respectively.

have helped to … 有助于
the tradeoff between … A and B is … A和B的争议…
例：The tradeoff between earthquake origin time and focal depth is a well known problem in hypocentral inversion.
… poorly constrained 不够准确
例：From only P-wave arrival time data from teleseismic stations, the focal depth is in many cases poorly constrained.
Here in after … 在这里，……
例： Here in after we refer to this grid search technique as the Z-H analysis, where Z is the focal depth measured from
the ocean floor.
by combining … 综合分析
and then 然后
In contract, … 相反的
… be also reversed when necessary.
with an uncertainty less than …

来源[2] Mantle transition zone beneath the Caribbean-South American plate boundary and its tectonic implications

单词

keel 山根

topography 地形起伏

uplift 向上突起

scenario 现象

underlying 根本的潜在的

bound 标记

slab 厚片，平板

subducting slab 俯冲带

high-velocity anomalies HVA 高速异常

global tomography models 全球层析成像模型

distinguish 辨别

lateral resolution 空间分辨率

coverage 覆盖范围

slopes 斜率

Clapeyron slopes 克拉贝龙斜率

phase transition 相变

map out 成像

up to 高达

it was generally believed that 所有人认为

anhydrous 脱水

portion 部分

mineral assemblages 矿物重整

water content 水含量

crucial 重要的

around the Pacific subduction zones 环太平洋俯冲地震带

mineral physic studies 矿物物理研究

water storage capacity 储水能力（化学式）

receiver function 接收函数

long-standing debate 长期存在的争议

primary goal （motivition）最初的目标

temporary 流动台站

permanent 永久台站

aperture 孔径

peak deployment 峰值数量部署（部署的数量较多）

dense 密集

national seismic network 国家地震台网

ocean bottom seismographs 海底地震仪

radial 径向

transverse 横向（与大圆面垂直的方向）

azimuth 方位角

water level 灌水深度

first arrival 初至

simple pulse 简单的脉冲

manually 人工的

corner frequency 角频率

inset 图中的小图

CCP common-conversion-point

arrow 箭头

respect 方向

3D travel-time anomalies 3D速度校正

equivalent to 等价于

overlaps 有交集的

by 乘

study area 研究区

reduce 压制，降低

linear stack 一阶叠加

increments 增长间隔，增长率

centroid 中心

uplift 上升

scenario 情况

unsaturated 不饱和

out-of-phase stacking 相位错位叠加

来源[3] Sharp Sides to the African Superplume

单词

superplume 超级热柱
obliquely 斜的
fortuitous 偶然的
fit 拟合
dense 致密的
thermal structure 热结构
on geological time scales 在地质时间尺度上
be correlated with 与……相关
geoid anomaly 重力异常
bulk sound velocity 体波速度
laterally 横向的
lowermost mantle 下地幔底界
trade off 争议
patterns 样式、模式
African Low Velocity Structure （ALVS）非洲低速结构体
leans toward 倾斜
evident 明显的
multipathing 多路径
demonstrate 证明，线路
simultaneously 同时
plausible range 合理范围
Rayleigh number 瑞雷数
bouyancy number 浮力数

来源[4] The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust

单词

supervolcano 超级火山
silicic 硅质的，含硅的
unveil 揭示
magma body 岩浆体
lower-crustal 下地壳
melt fraction 熔融系数
critical 重要的
bimodal basaltic-rhyolitic 双模式玄武-流纹岩
hazard assesment 灾害评估，风险评价
extensive earthquakes 剧烈的地震
episodic ground deformation 阵发性地面变形
flux 值，系数
continental hydrothermal system 大陆热释放系统
caldera 火山口
cataclysmic eruption 灾难性喷发（火山）
rhyolitic lava flows 流纹岩质熔岩流（流变熔岩流）
lava 熔岩，火山岩
account for 解释
distinctly 清楚地
evidence 假设
volcanic plumbing system 火山通道系统
framework 构架，结构
elucidated 阐明，解释
caldera 破火山口
basaltic 玄武岩的
dominance 起主导作用
depict 描述
notably 显著地
intrude 侵入
mafic 铁镁质的
silicic 含硅的
fractionate 分开，分馏

来源[5] Seismological implications of a lithospheric low seismic velocity zone in Mars

单词

bulk tidal ？？？
dissipative properties 耗散特性？
stagnant lid 静止盖层？
moment of inertia 惯性矩，转动惯量
Phobos’ orbital decay 火卫1轨道衰减
synodic period 会合周期
petrological 岩石学的
olivine-wadsleyite 橄榄石-沃兹利石
wadsleyite-ringwoodite 沃兹利石-环木石
ringwoodite-perovskite 环木石-钙钛矿
bountiful 丰富的,充裕的
manifestation 显示，显现

Seismic Hum 地震轰鸣声？类似于持续震动

Slichter mode 地球内核平动振荡模