CMT .ndk与衍生数据格式

CMT .ndk格式数据

原介绍:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~gcmt/projects/CMT/catalog/allorder.ndk_explained

简介

CMT,全称Centroid-Moment-Tensor,是地震震源机制解的
这个数据为ASCII格式,共五行,每行80个字符长度。

数据格式如下:

示例1(补充了每个参数的含义):

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LINE1:
PDE 2005/01/01 01:20:05.4 13.78(纬度) -88.78(经度) 193.1(震源深度) 5.0(震级mb) 0.0(ms) EL SALVADOR(地理位置)
LINE2:
C200501010120A(事件名称) B: 4 4 40(台站数,通道数,最短周期) S: 27 33 50 M: 0 0 0 CMT: 1 TRIHD: 0.6
LINE3:
CENTROID: -0.3(时间) 0.9 13.76(纬度) 0.06 -89.08(经度) 0.09 162.8(深度) 12.5 FREE(深度类型) S-20050322125201(时间戳)
LINE4:
23(时间指数,*e23) 0.838(Mrr) 0.201(前一个值的标准误差) -0.005(Mtt) 0.231 -0.833(Mpp) 0.270 1.050(Mrt) 0.121 -0.369(Mrp) 0.161 0.044(Mtp) 0.240
LINE5:
V10(版本号) 1.581 56 12 -0.537 23 140 -1.044 24 241(三个特征向量的特征值、plunge和方位角) 1.312 9 29 142(第一个节面的走向,倾角,方位角) 133 72 66 (第二个节面的相关数值)

示例2:

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PDE  2005/01/01 01:42:24.9   7.29   93.92  30.0 5.1 0.0 NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA R
C200501010142A B: 17 27 40 S: 41 58 50 M: 0 0 0 CMT: 1 TRIHD: 0.7
CENTROID: -1.1 0.8 7.24 0.04 93.96 0.04 12.0 0.0 BDY S-20050322125628
23 -1.310 0.212 2.320 0.166 -1.010 0.241 0.013 0.535 -2.570 0.668 1.780 0.151
V10 3.376 16 149 0.611 43 44 -3.987 43 254 3.681 282 48 -23 28 73 -136

逐行内容

第一行:震中数据行

示例:

PDE  2005/01/01 01:42:24.9   7.29   93.92  30.0 5.1 0.0 NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA R
  • [1-4] 震中参考地震记录。例如(PDE:USGS位置;ISC:ISC地震记录;SWE:面波位置;[Ekstrom,BSSA,2006])
  • [6-15] Date of reference event 事件日期
  • [17-26] Time of reference event 事件时间
  • [28-33] Latitude 纬度
  • [35-41] Longitude 经度
  • [43-47] Depth 震源深度
  • [49-55] Reported magnitudes, usually mb and MS 震级,通常是mb(体波震级)或ms(面波震级)
  • [57-80] Geographical location (24 characters) 地理位置,24个字符

第二行:CMT信息 1

示例:

C200501010142A   B: 17   27  40 S: 41   58  50 M:  0    0   0 CMT: 1 TRIHD:  0.7
  • [1-16] CMT event name. This string is a unique CMT-event identifier. Older
    events have 8-character names, current ones have 14-character names.
    See (1) below for the naming conventions used.

    CMT事件名称。独一无二的CMT事件标识符,较老的事件8个字符,最近的是14个字符。note(1)中描述了命名规则。

  • [18-61] Data used in the CMT inversion. Three data types may be used:
    Long-period body waves (B), Intermediate-period surface waves (S),
    and long-period mantle waves (M). For each data type, three values
    are given: the number of stations used, the number of components
    used, and the shortest period used.

    B S M CMT反演使用的数据,三类数据类型:

    • B:长周期体波
    • S:中等周期面波
    • M:长周期地幔波
      每一个数据类型有三个数值:台站数,通道数,使用的最短周期
  • [63-68] Type of source inverted for: “CMT: 0” - general moment tensor;
    “CMT: 1” - moment tensor with constraint of zero trace (standard);
    “CMT: 2” - double-couple source.

    反转源类型:

    • 0:一般矩张量
    • 1:具有零迹约束的矩张量?
    • 2:双力偶震源
  • [70-80] Type and duration of moment-rate function assumed in the inversion.
    “TRIHD” indicates a triangular moment-rate function, “BOXHD” indicates
    a boxcar moment-rate function. The value given is half the duration
    of the moment-rate function. This value is assumed in the inversion,
    following a standard scaling relationship (see note (2) below),
    and is not derived from the analysis.

    反演中假设的矩率函数的类型和持续时间。

    • “TRIHD”:表示三角形矩速率函数,
    • “BOXHD”:表示boxcar矩速率函数。给定的值是矩率函数持续时间的一半。该值在反演中按照标准缩放关系(见下面的note(2))假设,而不是从分析中得出的。

第三行:CMT信息 2

示例:

CENTROID:     -1.1 0.8   7.24 0.04   93.96 0.04  12.0  0.0 BDY  S-20050322125628
  • [1-58] Centroid parameters determined in the inversion. Centroid time, given
    with respect to the reference time, centroid latitude, centroid
    longitude, and centroid depth. The value of each variable is followed
    by its estimated standard error. See note (3) below for cases in
    which the hypocentral coordinates are held fixed.

    反演中确定的质心参数。质心时间,相对于参考时间、质心纬度、质心经度和质心深度给出。每个变量的值后跟其估计的标准误差。关于次中心坐标固定的情况,见note(3)。例如第一个参数是2.9,则在第一行的时间基础上加2.9s,如果有负号就是减2.9s。

  • [60-63] Type of depth. “FREE” indicates that the depth was a result of the
    inversion; “FIX “ that the depth was fixed and not inverted for;
    “BDY “ that the depth was fixed based on modeling of broad-band
    P waveforms.

    深度类型:

    • FREE:深度是反演的结果
    • FIX:深度经过校正,没有经过反转?
    • BDY:深度经过模拟宽频P波校正
  • [65-80] Timestamp. This 16-character string identifies the type of analysis that
    led to the given CMT results and, for recent events, the date and
    time of the analysis. This is useful to distinguish Quick CMTs (“Q-“),
    calculated within hours of an event, from Standard CMTs (“S-“), which
    are calculated later. The format for this string should not be
    considered fixed.

    时间戳。16个字符长度的字符串,标识导致给定 CMT 结果的分析类型,以及分析的日期和时间(对于最近事件)。用来区分事件发生后小时内计算的快速CMTs(“Q-”),稍后计算的标准CMTs(“S-”)。字符串的格式不固定。

第四行:CMT信息 3

示例:

23 -1.310 0.212  2.320 0.166 -1.010 0.241  0.013 0.535 -2.570 0.668  1.780 0.151
  • [1-2] The exponent for all following moment values. For example, if the
    exponent is given as 24, the moment values that follow, expressed in
    dyne-cm, should be multiplied by 10**24.

    所有后续时刻值的指数。例如,如果指数为 24,则后面的矩值(以 dyne-cm 表示)应乘以 10**24。

  • [3-80] The six moment-tensor elements: Mrr, Mtt, Mpp, Mrt, Mrp, Mtp, where r
    is up, t is south, and p is east. See Aki and Richards for conversions
    to other coordinate systems. The value of each moment-tensor
    element is followed by its estimated standard error. See note (4)
    below for cases in which some elements are constrained in the inversion.

    六个矩张量元素:Mrr, Mtt, Mpp, Mrt, Mrp, Mtp

    • r:up

    • t:south

    • p:east

      每个矩张量元素的值后面跟着他的标准误差。有关某些元素在反转中受到限制的情况,请参见note(4)。

第五行:CMT信息 4

示例:

V10   3.376 16 149   0.611 43  44  -3.987 43 254   3.681 282 48  -23  28 73 -136
  • [1-3] Version code. This three-character string is used to track the version
    of the program that generates the “ndk” file.

    版本号,三个字符的字符串用于记录获取ndk文件的程序版本号。

  • [4-48] Moment tensor expressed in its principal-axis system: eigenvalue,
    plunge, and azimuth of the three eigenvectors. The eigenvalue should be
    multiplied by 1.0E(exponent) as given on line four.

    在其主轴系统中表示的矩张量:三个特征向量的特征值、plunge和方位角。特征值应乘以 10**(指数),如第四行所示。

  • [50-56] Scalar moment, to be multiplied by 1.0E(exponent) as given on line four.

    标量力矩,乘10**(第四行的指数)

  • [58-80] Strike, dip, and rake for first nodal plane of the best-double-couple
    mechanism, repeated for the second nodal plane. The angles are defined
    as in Aki and Richards.

    最佳双耦合机制解第一个节面的走向,倾角,滑动角,后三个是第二个界面的相关数据。角度定义与Aki和Richards相同。

Notes (additional information):

NOTE 1

CMT event names follow two conventions. Older events use an 8-character
name with the structure XMMDDYYZ, where MMDDYY represents the date of
the event, Z is a letter (A-Z followed by a-z) distinguishing different
events on the same day, and X is a letter (B,M,Z,C,…) used to identify
the types of data used in the inversion. Newer events use 14-character event
names with the structure XYYYYMMDDhhmmZ, in which the time is given to greater
precision, and the initial letter is limited to four possibilities: B - body
waves only, S - surface waves only, M - mantle waves only, C - a combination
of data types.

  • 较老的命名规则:8个字符,XMMDDYYZ

    • MMDDYY:事件日期
    • X:用于标记反演中使用的数据类型。(B,M,Z,C,…)
    • Z:区分同一天不同的地震事件(A-Z 之后是 a-z)
  • 新的命名规则:14个字符,XYYYYMMDDhhmmZ

    2005年1月1日开始使用新的命名规则。

    事件时间更加精准,首字母X只有四种:

    • B:只有体波
    • S:只有面波
    • M:只有地幔波
    • C:综合数据类型

NOTE 2

The source duration is generally estimated using an empirically determined
relationship such that the duration increases as the cube root of the scalar
moment. Specifically, we currently use a relationship where the half duration
for an event with moment 1E24 is 1.05 seconds, and for an event with moment
1E27 is 10.5 seconds.

源持续时间通常使用经验确定的关系来估计,使得持续时间随着标量矩的立方根而增加。
具体来说,我们目前使用的关系是,矩为 1024 的事件的半持续时间为 1.05 秒,
矩为 10
27 的事件的半持续时间为 10.5 秒。

NOTE 3

For some small earthquakes for which the azimuthal distribution of stations
with useful seismograms is poor, we constrain the epicenter of the event to
the reference location. This is reflected in the catalog by standard
errors of 0.0 for both the centroid latitude and the centroid longitude.

对于一些具有有用地震图的台站方位分布较差的小地震,我们将事件的震中限制在参考位置。
这反映在目录中,质心纬度和质心经度的标准误差均为 0.0。

NOTE 4

For some very shallow earthquakes, the CMT inversion does not well
constrain the vertical-dip-slip components of the moment tensor (Mrt and Mrp),
and we constrain these components to zero in the inversion. The standard
errors for Mrt and Mrp are set to zero in this case.

对于一些很浅的地震,CMT 反演并没有很好地约束矩张量的垂直倾滑分量(Mrt 和 Mrp),
我们在反演中将这些分量约束为零。在这种情况下,Mrt 和 Mrp 的标准误差设置为零。

MINEOS CMT数据格式

官方内容

There is a single event file called china_cmt_event.txt that contains Harvard CMT infor-mation for an event in Southern China.

单个事件文件:包含单个中国南部地震事件的 Harvard CMT 信息

The third input file is the file china_cmt_evt, which is a single-lined listing containing the coordinates and event parameters of an earthquake in China. The moment tensor is not used by this program, but by the program syndat which follows.

单行列表包含坐标和事件参数。矩张量不由这个程序(green)使用,而是在程序syndat中使用

This example will choose modes only between frequencies of 0 and 166 mHz (i.e., periods greater than 6 sec). It will produce Green’s functions that are 8000 samples long. The time sampling specified in the china_cmt_evt file is 1 sec, so this is a time series length of a little over two hours. In many cases, both the minor and major arc arrivals can be seen.
The program will output a .wfdisc relation in the database called green; that is, a file called green.wfdisc which points to the waveforms on disk in a default location.

此示例将仅在 0 和 166 mHz 的频率(即大于 6 秒的周期)之间选择模式。它将产生 8000 个样本长的 Green 函数。china_cmt_evt文件中指定的时间采样为 1 秒,因此这是两个多小时的时间序列长度。在许多情况下,可以看到小弧和大弧到达。
该程序将在数据库中输出一个名为绿色的 .wfdisc 关系;也就是说,一个名为 green.wfdisc 的文件指向默认位置的磁盘上的波形。

Figure B.1: Station BJT. Comparison with Herrmann’s plane code. Three-component synthetic seismogram
for the fundamental spheroidal and toroidal modes. Mineos seismogram is plotted in red, Herrmann’s in
blue. Earthquake is 25.39N, 101.40E (Southern China), depth is 33 km. Model is PREM, in which the water
layer is filled with the upper crust’s velocities. The crust has only two layers.

这一栏中包含了事件信息,得知事件的坐标和发震深度。

格式内容

harward CMT保存的.ndk格式的cmt数据:

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PDE  2000/01/14 23:37:07.9  25.61  101.06  33.0 5.4 5.9 YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA  
B011400F B: 57 127 45 S: 0 0 0 M: 0 0 0 CMT: 1 BOXHD: 2.3
CENTROID: 2.9 0.2 25.39 0.02 101.40 0.02 33.0 0.0 FIX O-00000000000000
24 -0.600 0.095 -6.289 0.121 6.888 0.132 -1.854 0.256 0.118 0.239 -4.726 0.118
V10 8.460 4 252 -0.260 76 143 -8.200 13 343 8.330 27 78 -6 118 84 -168

china_cmt_event的数据格式:

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B011400F 2000  14 23 37 10.80 25.39  101.40  33.00 1.0 -2.3 8.33e24 -0.60  -6.29   6.89  -1.85   0.12  -4.73 1.0e24 27 78   -6 118 84 -168

格式内容(补充了参数含义):

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B011400F(事件编号evid) 2000(年份)  14(一年的第几天) 23(时) 37(分) 10.80(centroid秒) 25.39(CENTROID纬度)  101.40(CENTROID经度)  33.00(CENTROID震源深度 km) 1.0(格林函数或地震图的时间步长) -2.3(BOXHD但是原本是正值,这里是负值) 8.33e24(M0) -0.60(Mrr)  -6.29(Mtt)   6.89(Mpp)  -1.85(Mrt)   0.12(Mrp)  -4.73(Mtp) 1.0e24(Mn 张量分量的归一化系数) 27 78   -6 118 84 -168(这六个数是第一个节面、第二个节面的走向、倾向、方位角)

以下[ ]内为这些数据的字节数,如果字节数不足则在前方补充空格。实际编辑使用空格隔开每个参数即可,不必限制字节。

注:由于新版事件编号为14个字符长度,因此在MINEOS导入过程中事件编号只能导入前8个字符。具体影响未知。

字节位置 含义 字节位置 含义 字节位置 含义
[1-8] 事件编号evid [45-50] centroid震源深度 单位km [96-101] Mrp(Mrφ)
[10-13] 年份 [52-54] 格林函数和地震图的时间步长,单位s [103-108] Mtp(Mθφ)
[15-17] 一年第几天 [56-59] halfd: source half-time duration 单位s [110-115] Mn 张量分量的归一化系数,即地震矩张量Mpq的数量级
[19-20] 时 (事件发生时间) [61-67] M0,地震矩标量,单位dyn*cm [117-118] 第一个节面的走向strike
[22-23] [69-73] Mrr [120-121] 第一个节面的倾向dip
[25-29] centroid秒,小数格式 [75-80] Mtt (Mθθ) [123-126] 第一个节面的滑动角 slip
[31-35] centroid纬度 [82-87] Mpp (Mφφ) [128-130] 第二个节面的走向
[37-43] centroid经度 [89-94] Mrt (Mrθ) [132-133] 第二个节面的倾向
****** ***** ******* ****** [135-138] 第二个节面的滑动角

Mrr, Mtt, Mpp, Mrt, Mrp, Mtp 通过Mn归一化的矩张量分量。坐标系与Aki-Quantitative Seismology中(Up,South,East)相同(P113)。